Mesopotamia

The valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was called Mesopotamia ("between the rivers"). The soil was rich from the silt deposited onto the ground from the rivers. While the land was vert fertile, the rivers flooded irreularly causing humans to develop and advance and create new technologies such as irrigation and drainage.

Sumarians
The first Mesopotamian civilization was created by the Sumarians. By 3000 BCE, they had created lots of independent cities around Mesopotamia.

Sumarian cities
Some examples of the Sumarian cities include Eridu, Ur, Uruk, Umma, and Lagash.

As the cities developed and expanded, they gained political and economic control over the surrounding area creating city-states.

The most prominent building in a Sumarian city was the temple. The temple was dedicated to the chief god or goddess of the city and was built atop a massive stepped tower called a ziggurat.

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